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6. Health and wellbeing

Author

Tymkow, Paul, primary, Tassou, Savvas, additional, Kolokotroni, Maria, additional, and Jouhara, Hussam, additional

Published
2020
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17. Introduction

Author

Tymkow, Paul, primary, Tassou, Savvas, additional, Kolokotroni, Maria, additional, and Jouhara, Hussam, additional

Published
2020
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31. Recent Progress on High Temperature and High Pressure Heat Exchangers for Supercritical CO2 Power Generation and Conversion Systems.

Author

Chai, Lei and Tassou, Savvas A.

Subjects
HEAT exchangers, HIGH temperatures, HEAT resistant materials, WASTE heat, THERMOCYCLING, HEAT transfer fluids, PRESSURE
Abstract

Heat exchangers for supercritical CO2 power generation and waste heat to power conversion systems have a significant impact on the overall cycle efficiency and system footprint. Key challenges for supercritical CO2 heat exchangers include ability to withstand high temperature and high pressure (typical temperature range of heat source 350 to 800 °C and typical required operating pressure range 150 to 300 bars), and large pressure differential between fluid streams. Other requirements are low pressure drop, high effectiveness and high reliability under thermal cycling. This paper presents recent developments in supercritical CO2 heat exchangers in terms of material selection, design, manufacture, and operation. Since heat exchangers represent a significant portion of the total system cost, another key challenge is to find a compromise between the heat exchanger type, cost, durability, and performance. This paper explores heat exchanger technologies, manufacturing techniques and materials for high temperature and high pressure heat exchangers for supercritical CO2 applications. It also identifies technology gaps and research needs to accelerate the development of effective designs to facilitate the commercialization of both supercritical CO2 heat exchanger technologies and power cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Integration and simulation of solar thermal energy to diary processes.

Author

Tannous, Hadi, Masera, Kemal, Tassou, Savvas, and Stojceska, Valentina

Subjects
YOGURT, SOLAR thermal energy, TRACKING control systems, DAIRY plants, DAIRY processing, DAIRY industry, ENERGY consumption
Abstract

The application of the Solar Thermal Energy (STEn) systems to the dairy processes have shown a great potential for reducing fossil fuels use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There are thirty-three STEn systems currently operating in the dairy industries worldwide providing temperatures from 140 °C to 200 °C that are mainly used for the heating purposes in the processes like pasteurization, preheating, and cleaning. The challenges of those systems include various operational issues such as shad and unoptimized equipment that affect the performance of the collector, tracking and control systems and other apparatus that could be overcome by a preliminary analysis of the dairy plant's thermal load and use of integrated STEn systems. This study relates to a case study of the dairy industry, analyses the current thermal and cooling demands for production of skimmed milk, yogurt and cream, recommends two new scenarios for the integration and simulation of the STEn systems and evaluates the potential the process optimization. The Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) for each product and operational capacity requirement for the current and simulated processes are calculated and the most technically efficient solution considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Social Life Cycle Assessments of Solar Thermal Energy Systems in Industrial Processes

Author

Zafar, Imaad, Stojceska, Valentina, and Tassou, Savvas

Abstract

This study discusses the application of social life cycle assessment (SLCA) for a range of existing solar thermal energy (STE) systems in industrial supply chains. Current SLCA frameworks documented in the scientific literature address various social issues which impact supply chain stakeholders. Practitioners typically addressed employees of the STE providers in SLCA framework, measuring social issues such as fair payment and employee Health and Safety (H&S) by administrating employee questionnaires and collecting data on employee salary. In contrast, relationships between external supply chain actors, such as that of the technology's end-users with the STE providers, were qualitatively assessed by conducting interviews with their respective management boards. All findings were reported as inventory data. The evaluation of inventory data is done using Type 1 SLCA characterisation models, which measures a crucial SLCA parameter defined as ‘social performance’. The literature demonstrated that this parameter can be used to assess the STE provider’s level of compliance to social policy, taking regional and universal social standards as neutral criteria to grade the level of employee pay and working hours. Qualitative feedback from social audits formed the other part of this assessment, while qualitative analysis of interview dialogue and employee survey results provided further insight into social welfare. Our study of the literature, however, revealed that the current use of SCLA methodological protocol provides limited insight into an organisation’s social performance. This knowledge gap was found to be rooted in the limited scope of assessment for policy compliance and social welfare adopted by current practitioners. To address this gap, our research aims to develop a novel SLCA methodology, tailored to provide an in-depth model of social performance for newly developed STE systems. The framework will be invaluable for resource allocation and decision making on the development and implementation of STE systems.

Published
2023
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41. Application of solar thermal heating and cooling energy to dairy processes: a case study

Author

Masera, Kemal, Tannous, Hadi, Stojceska, Valentina, and Tassou, Savvas

Subjects
Dairy, Solar thermal integration, Solar Thermal, Process demand, SHIP
Abstract

The dairy industry is one of the growing sectors in the food industry with significant thermal energy demand for their processes and temperature requirement of maximum 200 ℃. The use of solar energy for those process will reduce the fossil fuel dependency, greenhouse gas emission, environmental pollution and help to meet emission targets. Therefore, this study investigates the thermal requirements of a dairy company and provides a schematic of two integration concepts between the solar thermal energy system and their processes which are through the common energy supply line and inlets of individual processes. The study involves a case study that uses natural gas-powered boilers, and electrical powered chiller, ice banks and refrigerators to meet heating and cooling energy demand for the processes such as pasteurisation, fermentation and cold milk tanks. The overall energy consumption of the dairy processes is 1315 kWh at the full capacity operation, of which 1195 kWh can be theoretically replaced by the solar thermal energy. The temperature requirements of the processes are between 0 ℃ and 4 ℃ for cooling, and 170 ℃ for the heating. These thermal requirements can be met by using either parabolic trough or linear Fresnel solar thermal collectors along with thermal energy storage. The solar thermal energy integration concepts developed at supply level and process level use steam drum and absorption chiller to transfer the solar energy to the processes. The supply level integration has more advantages due to its easier control over the conventional and solar energy systems.

Published
2023
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43. Performance Analysis of Heat Exchangers and Integrated Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle for Varying Heat Carrier, Cooling and Working Fluid Flow Rates.

Author

Chai, Lei and Tassou, Savvas A.

Subjects
WORKING fluids, BRAYTON cycle, HEAT exchangers, THERMODYNAMIC cycles, FLUID flow, PLATE heat exchangers, WASTE heat
Abstract

Supercritical CO2 power systems offer the potential of reduced system footprint and improved thermal efficiency, through the development and adoption of compact heat exchangers. Among these heat exchangers, the microtube, printed circuit, and plate heat exchangers are emerging as the most promising technologies for heat addition to the cycle, heat recuperation and heat rejection, respectively. To investigate the performance of supercritical CO2 recuperated Brayton cycle for heat to power conversion, simulation models of the heater, recuperator and cooler were developed using the distributed modeling approach and the ε-NTU method and then integrated with turbomachinery models to form the cycle model. The influences of flow rates of the heat carrier, cooling and working fluids on the heat exchanger performance and the integrated system were investigated. For the studied power system and under the off-design operating conditions, the net thermal efficiency of the cycle varies between 14.1% and 16.8%. Results show that increasing in the working fluid flow rate remains the net power output of the cycle but decreases the net cycle thermal efficiency, while increasing in the heat carrier fluid increases both, and the increase of cooling fluid increases the net power output but maintains the net thermal efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. Contributor contact details

Author

Klemeš, Jiří, primary, Kim, Jin-Kuk, additional, Smith, Robin, additional, Cooke, Peter, additional, Elkin, David, additional, Stevens, Chris, additional, Stehlik, Petr, additional, Navarri, Philippe, additional, Bédard, Serge, additional, Klemeš, Jiří, additional, Perry, Simon, additional, Friedler, Ferenc, additional, Varbanov, Petar, additional, Marechal, François, additional, Muller, Damien, additional, Puigjaner, Luis, additional, Espuña, Antonio, additional, Almató, Maria, additional, Savulescu, Luciana, additional, Pagan, Robert, additional, Price, Nicole, additional, Gaffel, J., additional, Seferlis, Panos, additional, Voutetakis, Spyros, additional, Zhelev, Toshko, additional, Evans, Judith, additional, Marcotte, Michele, additional, Grabowski, Stefan, additional, Simpson, Ricardo, additional, Almonacid, Sergio, additional, Reay, David, additional, Thonon, Bernard, additional, Tassou, Savvas, additional, Ge, Yunting, additional, Orsat, Valerie, additional, Vijaya Raghavan, G.S., additional, Glavic, Peter, additional, Simonič, Marjana, additional, Sethu, Vasanthi, additional, Viramuthu, Vijai Ananth, additional, Nagy, Endre, additional, Forney, Larry, additional, Taricska, Jerry, additional, Hung, Yung-Tse, additional, Li, Kathleen Hung, additional, Kajitvichyanukul, Puangrat, additional, Wang, Lawrence K., additional, Show, Kuan-Yeow, additional, Genné, Inge, additional, Derden, An, additional, Burton, Colin, additional, Tinker, Dave, additional, Campbell, Grant, additional, Mateos-Salvador, Fernán, additional, Urbaniec, Krzysztof, additional, Lorenz, Frieder, additional, Majozi, Thokozani, additional, Foo, Dominic Chwan Yee, additional, Fillaudeau, Luc, additional, Bories, André, additional, and Decloux, Martine, additional

Published
2008
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